Blank

fhiuefu; jpz;zGuk; rptd; Nfhtpy; jytuyhW

,yq;ifj; jpUehl;bd; tlf;Nf rpuRNghd;W ,Ug;gJ aho;g;ghzf; FlhehL. ,jw;F Nkw;Fj;jpirapy; VO ngUk;
jPTfs; mike;Js;sd. kw;iwa jPTfistpl aho;efUf;F mz;ikapy; ,Ug;gJjhd; fhiujPT. ,J ehw;GwKk;
flypdhy; #og;gl;l xU jPthFk;. Mjpapy; ,e;jpahtpd; fhiuf;fhy; vd;w Cupy; ,ue;J FbNawpatu;fis
nfhz;likapdhy; fhiujPT vd;Wk; my;yhkYk; ,t;T+upy; mg;NghJ Vuhsk; fhiur;nrbfs; epd;wikahy; mg;ngau;
Vw;gl;lJ vd;Wk; ngaUf;Fupa fhuzk; ,uz;L $wg;gLfpd;wJ. fhiujPT tlf;F> Nkw;F jpirfspy; Mokhd
ghf;F ePupizf;flyhYk; fpof;F> njw;F jpirfspy; Mokw;w tw;Wk; jd;ikAs;s guitf;flyhYk;
#og;gl;Ls;sJ.

,t;t+NuhL ,yq;ifapy; Gj;jsj;jpy; xU fhiujPTk;> fpof;Nf kl;lf;fsg;gpy; xU fhiujPTk; Mf %d;W
fhiujPTfSk; Nru;e;J murpdupd; jghy; je;jp Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;F ngUk; njhy;iyfisAk; jhkjq;fisAk;
Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhz;L ,Ue;jd. Mq;fpNyaupd; Ml;rpapy; 1869k; Mz;by; mg;NghJ murhq;f mjpguhf ,Ue;j
Jdite;Jiuahy; nghd;dhiy flYf;F Clhf fw;njUTk;> xd;gJ ghyq;fSk; mikj;J fhiujPtpidf;
Flhehl;Lld; ,ize;jhu;. ,t;tpizg;Gj; njUtpdJ ePsk; Rkhu; 3 fpNyh kPw;wu; MFk;. ,j;jiuj; njhlu;gpid
mLj;J Nru; nghd; ,uhkehjdpd; tpije;Jiug;Gld; murpdu; fhiujPtpid 1923k; Mz;L njhlf;fk; fhiuefu;
vd;W ngau; khw;wpf;nfhz;ldu;.

,q;Nf tye;jiy> Nfhtsk;> jq;Nfhil> fUq;fhyp> gYfhL> fsg+kp vd;W MW ngUq;Fwpr;rpfs; cs;sd.
fhiuefu; VO fpNyh kPw;wu; ePsKk; ehd;fiu fpNyh kPw;wu; mfyKk; cilaJ. Nkw;Nf cs;s Nfhtsf;
flw;fiuapy; 19k; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l xU fyq;fiu tpsf;fKk;> njw;Nf ,aw;ifahf mike;j
fg;gw;JiwKfKk; cs;sd. efupd; tlf;F gf;fkhf ,uz;L fpNyh kPw;wu; J}uj;jpy; cs;sJ jpz;zf;fsp vd;Dk;
jpz;zGuk; rptd; Nfhapy;. ,f;NfhtpYf;F fpof;F> njw;F jpirfspy; gRk;Gy; jiufSk; Nkw;F tlf;F
jpf;Ffspy; njd;dQ;NrhiyfSk; mjid mLj;jhw; Nghy f#updh gPr; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; Rthkp jPu;j;jk; MLk;
jPu;;j;jf;fiuf; flYk;> tlf;Nf J}u;thrfpup(J}k;gpy;) fly;KidAk; cs;sJ.

Iadhu; Nfhtpy; tuyhW:

,w;iwf;F Rkhu; 500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; aho;g;ghzj;ij jkpo; muru;fs; Ml;rp nra;j fhyj;jpy; fhtpupg;g+k;
gl;;lzj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;j ,uhkNrJ kfhuhrhtpd; kfdhfpa Fsf;Nfhl;L kfhuhrh aho;g;ghzj;ij murhsj;
njhlq;fpdhu;. jkpo;ehl:L muru;fs; IadhiuNa jkJ Fyfhg;Gj; nja;tkhf topgLgtu;fs;. jhq;fs; murhSk;
efuq;fspYk; IadhYf;F ngupa Nfhtpy;fs; fl;Ltpj;J mtuJ g+uz mDf;fpufj;Jld; nrq;Nfhy; ;nrYj;jp
murhz;L te;jhu;fs;. ,jw;fika Fsf;Nfhl;L kfhuhrh fhiujPtpw;F te;J JiwKfj;Jf;F Nkw;gf;fkhf cs;s
,uhrhtpd; Njhl;lj;jpy; jq;fp ,Ue;J tpahtpypNy Nrhou; fhyj;J rpw;g mk;rq;fSld; $ba VO epiykhl ,uh[
NfhGuj;Jld; mike;j xU ngUk; Iadhu; Nfhtpiy fl;Ltpj;jhu;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; fhtpupg;g+k; gl;lzk; fhiujPtpw;F
rkPgkhf Neu; tlf;Nf 40 fpNyh kPw;wu; J}uj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. fhtpupg;g+k; gl;lzj;jpy; ,Ue;J Kj;Jkhzpf;fk;
nrl;bahu; fhiuj;JPtpy; te;J FbNawp ngupa ruf;F fg;gy;fis itj;JnghUl;fis Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkkjp nra;J
nfhz;L ,Ue;jhu;. Fsf;Nfhl;L kfhuhrptpd; Mizapd; gb Kj;Jkhzpf;fk; nrl;bahu; fhtpupg;g+k; gl;lzj;jpy;
,Ue;J IadhiuAk; Vida jpUTUtq;fisAk; tpahtpYkf;F nfhz;L te;jhu;. gpujp\;il nra;tjw;fhf
cj;juNfhrkq;ifapy; ,Ue;J mioj;J tug;gl;l kq;fNs];tuf; FUf;fisAk; Re;jNu];tuf; FUf;fisAk;
Fsf;Nfhl;L kd;dd; mioj;J Njq;fha; cilj;J K$u;j;jj;ij vLf;FkhW $w gy;yp nrhy;ypaJ> mjid
jilahd rFdk; vd;gij czu;e;j FUf;fs;khu; Fk;ghgpN\fj;ij g; gpw;Nghl;ldu;. ,uz;L khjk; fopj;j gpd;du;
K$u;j;jk; ig;gjw;F Njq;fha; cilj;jNghJ Njq;fha; ftpo;e;J Nghapw;W. ,jidf; fz;Zw;w kfhuhrh Nfhtpy;
mikf;fg;gl;L ePz;lfhykhf Fk;ghgpN\fk; epiwNtwhky; ,Ug;gJjhd; ,j;jilf;F cupa fhuzk; vd;W
vz;zpatuha; NtW xU Njq;fhia cilg;gpj;J Fk;ghgpN\fj;ij(1518k; Mz;L) rpwg;ghf epiwNtw;wp njhlu;e;J
epj;jpa g+irfis elhj;Jk; nghWg;Gf;fis mt;tpU FUf;fs;khu;fsplk; xg;gilj;J mjw;F
Ntz;badtw;iwAk;Vw;ghL nra;jhu;. ,f;fhyj;jpNy jhd; eapdhjPT ehfg+rzp mk;khs; NfhGu cr;rpapNy
itf;fg;gLk; jPgxsp tpahtpy; Iadhu; Nfhtpy; cr;rpf;Fk;> tpahtpy; Iadhu; NfhGu cr;rpapy; itf;Fk; jPgxsp
nghd;dhiy tujuh[g; ngUkhs; NfhgpYf;Fk; tujuh[g;ngUkhs; NfhGu cr;rpapy; itf;Fk;jPg xsp khtpl;lGuk;
fe;jrhkp NfhtpYf;Fk; njupe;jjhf nrtptopr; nra;jpfs; njuptpf;fpd;wd.

Ngu;j;Jf;Nfau; fhyk;:

fp.gp 1545k; Mz;lstpy; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; ,yq;ifapd; fijg;gFjpfis; ifg;gw;wp Ml;rpnra;jdu;. mtu;fs;
irtf;Nfhtpy;fis ,bj;J irtu; topghL nra;tjidj; jLj;J fpwp];jt rkaj;ij tsu;j;jdu;. tpahtpy;
Iddhupd; nja;tPf kfpikahy; ,f;Nfhtpiy ,bf;f Kbatpy;iy. fhiuefupy; ngupa mk;ik Neha; mr;rkaj;jpy;
gutpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. kf;fs; gyu; khz;L nfhz;bUe;jdu;. xUtu; kzw;ghl;by; Kj;Jkhup mk;kd;
Nfhtpiyf;fl;Ltpj;J tpahtpy; Iadhu; Nfhapy; g+rfu; #upaehuhazf; FUf;fis mioj;J Fk;ghgpN\fk;
nra;tpf;f mk;ik NehAk; Fiwe;Jtpl;lJ.

xy;yhe;ju; fhyk;:

1658k; Mz;by; xy;yhe;ju; ,j;Njrj;jpd; Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;wpdu;. mtu;fSk; irt Nfhtpy;fis ,bj;Jk; mq;F
g+i[fs; eilngwhky; jilfSk; Vw;gLj;jpdu;. ,tw;iwg; nghWf;f KbahJ mg;NghJ Iadhu; Nfhtpy; g+ir
nra;j fdfrghgjpf; FUf;fs; Iadhu; Nfhtpypy; ,Ue;J tpf;fpufq;fis vLj;Jr; nrd;W epytiwapy; itj;J
g+i[ nra;jhu;.

,f;fhyj;jpy; xy;yhe;ju; tpahtpy; Iadhu; NfhtpiyAk; NfhGuj;ijAk; mj;NjhL nghd;dhiy tujuh[g; ngUkhs;
NfhGuj;ijAk; ,bj;J mjd; fw;fisf; nfhz;L Ngha; Cu;fhtw;Wiwf; flypy; fpy;kd; ghJfhg;Gf; Nfhl;iliaf;
fl;Ltpj;jdu;.

,ufrpakhf epytiwapy; FUf;fs; g+i[ nra;tij mwpe;j xy;yhe;ju; mq;F nrd;W tpf;fpufq;fis vLj;J
fpzW xd;wpy; Nghl;Ltpl;L NjiuAk; thfdq;fisAk; flypNy js;sp ngWkjpkpf;f Rthkpapd; mzpfyd;fis
jkJ trkhf;fpf; nfhz;ldu;. mbah; xUtu; fpzw;wpDs; Nghlg;gl;l Iadhu; cUtpid vLj;J tlf;F Nehf;fpr;
nrd;W jpz;izf;fspf;F rkPgkhf cs;s murkuj;jbapy; Gijj;J itj;J tpl;Lr; nrd;Ws;shu;.

Iadhu; ];jhgpjk;:

xy;yhe;ju; Ml;rp tPo;r;rpAw;W Mq;fpNyau; Ml;rp kyu;e;jpUe;j fhyj;jpy; ,uhkehjGuk; NrJf;fiuiaf; fhty;
nra;j kwf;Fb kugpduhd Mz;b vd;Dk; ngupahu; ,yq;iff;F te;J gy jyq;fisAk; juprpj;Jf; nfhz;L
,Wjpapy; fhiujPtpy; cs;s tpahtpy; Iadhuplk; te;jhu;. mq;F xy;yhe;juhy; Nfhtpy; mopf;fg;gl;lijg; ghu;j;J
kdk; tUe;jpdhu;. ,q;F cs;s jhNkhju IaUld; jq;fp ,Uf;Fk; NghJ Iadhu; fdtpy; Njhd;wp 'mg;gNd
mQ;rhjPu; ePNah ehd;> ehNd eP " ahk; CUf;F lf;Nf J}u;thrfpupf;F rkPgkhf jpz;zf;fsp Nkl;by; epw;Fk;
murkuj;jpd; fPo; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. te;J juprpg;gPuhf" vd;W mUs; nra;jhu;. Mz;bahu; Iadhupd; jpUtUl; Fwpg;ig
tpae;J ctifnfhz;L jpz;zf;fspf;F tpiue;J nrd;W mq;F murkuj;ijf; fz;L gpbj;J mjd; Rw;whly;
vq;Fk; Njbdhu;. fhzKbatpy;iy. ,iwd; thf;F gpiof;fhJ vd;W vz;zpatuha; fdhg; gyd; if$Lk; tiu
mq;NfNa mku jpUTsq; nfhz;lhu;. murkuj;jbapy; jd;Dld; nfhz;Lte;j #yj;ij el;L mjpy; itutiu
,Uj;jp Mj;khu;j;j g+i[ nra;J topgl;lhu;. Mz;bahu; te;j jpz;izf;fsp vd;Dk; ,lk; 400 gug;G tp];jPuzk;
cilaJ. ,J fsg+kp tpshid vd;Dk; Fwpr;rpiar; Nru;e;j khdh Kjypahu; tk;rj;J mk;gytp KUfu; vd;Dk;
ngupahUf;F KJ nrhj;jhdJ. Iadhupd; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb Mz;bahu; xUtu; jpz;zf;fspf;F te;j nra;jpia
mwpe;j mk;gytp KUfUk; mt;t+uUk; gj;jp gutrk; mile;J mq;F te;J Mz;bahiuf; fz;L tzq;fpdu;.
Mz;bahupd; topghl;by; gq;F gw;wpa mtu;fs; itutu; #yk; el;l ,lj;ijr; Rw;wp xU Fby; mikj;Jf;
nfhLj;jjdu;. md;W njhlf;fk; mk;gytp KUfu; Mz;bahUld; ngUel;G nfhz;l topghl;bw;F Njitahd rfy
cjtpfisAk; nra;J tuyhapdu;.

Mz;bahu; jpUTUitj;Njb fhzjtuha; kdk; nehe;J nfhz;L ,Ue;jhu;. xU ehs; murkuj;Jf;F njd;fpof;F
gf;fkhf epyj;jpDs; xspj;jPgk; xd;iw Mz;bahu; fz;lhu;. clNd Mz;bahu; mt;tplj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W epyj;ij
mfo;e;j NghJ g+uiz Gl;fiy rNkj Iadhu; jpUTUtk;fpilf;fg;ngw;W Nguhde;jg; gutrk; Mdhu;.

'IaNd ghtpNad; wd;id ahz;l nka;;j;
nja;tNk nad;Wfz; zUtp Njq;fplf;
ifapdhw; wOtpdhu; Nkhe;jhu; fhjyha;
nka;apdpw; nwhl;Lj; jk; tpopap nyhw;wpdhu;"

Mz;bahu; mg;NghJ ngw;w kfpo;r;rpapid Gytu; <o Kfdhu; jyGuhzj;jpy; Nky; cs;sthW tpgupf;fpd;whu;.
Iadhiu Mz;bahu; mfo;e;njLj;j nra;jp Cnuq;Fk; gutpaJ. kf;fs; ngUe;jpushf mq;F gf;jp gutrk; Nkypl;L
te;J juprpj;jdu;. mk;gytp KUfUk; XNlhb te;J iadhiu tzq;fp Mz;bahUlk; Nru;e;J mgpN\f
Muhjidfs; nra;J topghL Mw;wpdhu;fs;. Iadhu; jpUTUit Njhz;b vLj;j ,lj;jpy; xU rpwpa NfzpiaAk;
ntl;b Iadhu; itutu; g+i[f;F Njitahd g+f;fisAk; ,iyfisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;fjhf xU
e;jtdj;ijAk; mikj;jdu;. Mz;bahu; IadhUf;F Myak; xd;W mikf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Fwpg;ig mk;gytp
KUfUf;F njuptpf;f mk;gytp KufUk; mjid mfkfpo;NthL Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;. Mz;bahUk; jkJ
,g;gpwtpg;gzpia epiwT nra;jtuha; 'ehNd eP> ePNa ehd;" vd;w Iadhupd; thf;fpw;fika mq;Nf rkhjpahdhu;.

mk;gytp KUfu; murkuj;jpw;F tlf;Nf cs;s cau;e;j epyj;jpy; Iadhu; Nfhtpiy fl;Ltpj;J Iadhiug;
gpujp\;il nra;tpj;J Fk;ghgpN\fj;ij epiwNtw;wpdhu;. ehuhazg;gl;liu epakpj;J IadhUf;FK; itutUf;Fk;
jpdKk; g+i[ nra;tpj;J te;jhu;. Cutu; Iadhiu 'Mz;bNfzp Iadhu;" vd;Wk; itutiu 'murb itutu; "
vd;Wk; mioj;J Iadhu; vk;ikf; fhf;fpd;whu; vd;w ngUek;gpf;ifAld; tho;e;J tuyhapdu;.

rpyfhyj;jpd; gpd;du; mk;gytpKUfu; Iadhu; cw;rt %u;j;jpia rpw;ghr;rhup %yk; rpwg;ghf thu;g;gpj;jhu;.
mt;TUtpid cspapdhy; Mrhup nrg;gk; nra;aj; njhlq;fpa NghJ nrJf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J cjpuk;
ngUfpaij fz;L rpw;ghrhup tpag;Gw;wtuha; nrg;gk; nra;ahkNy mk;gytp KUfuplk; xg;gilj;jhu;. Iadhupd;
jpUTUtk; nrg;gk; nra;ahg;glhkNyNa Fk;ghgpN\fk; nra;ag;gl;L g+[pf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,d;Wk; ,jidf;
fhzyhk;. IadhuJ Fk;ghgpN\fk; epfo;e;j gpd;du; mtuJ mUl; ngUf;fk; fhiuefu; vq;Fk; mUshl;rp nra;jJ.
jpz;zGuj;ij mz;ba gFjpfspy; mjpfhiyapYk; khiy NtisfspYk; Iadhupd; thfdkhfpa Fjpiufs; XLk;
xypapidAk; rjq;if xypiaAk; rq;F ehjKk; kf;fs; Nfl;L Iadhupd; kfpikia tpae;jjhf %jhijau;
$Wtu;. Mz;bahu; te;J ciwe;j murkuk; ,d;Wk; Nfhtpypd; njw;F tPjpapy; ngupa fpisfNshL tpahgpj;J
epw;gijf; fhzyhk;. ,jd; fPo; cs;s itutu; Nfhapy; Gduikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Iadhu; %y %u;j;jp fz;L vLj;j
,lj;jpy; cs;s Nfzp fhyg;Nghf;fpy; J}u;e;J eputp tpl;lJ.

rptd; Nfhtpy; ];jhgpjk;:

mk;gytp KUfu; ,aw;ifahfNt xU rptgf;ju;. rpjk;guahj;jpiu mbf;fb nrd;W topgl;L rpwe;j rptd;
NeauhfTe; jpfo;e;jhu;. ,tUf;F Iadhu; NfhtpYf;F mUNf tlGwkhf rpthyak; mikf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mu;tk;
Vw;gl;L mjpNy xU rptd; Nfhtpiyf; fl;Ltpj;jhu;. mjw;F cupa rptypq;fk; ngWtJ vq;qdk; vd;W rpe;jidapy;
%o;fp ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,iwtd; fdhtpy; Njhd;wp rpjk;guj;jpy; cs;s rpw;ghr;rhup xUtuplk; gjpdhW rptypq;fq;fs;
cz;nld;Wk; jk;khy; mq;F milahsg; fhz;gpf;fg;gLk; rptypq;fj;jpid ngw;W tUk;gbAk; $wpdhu;. ,iwtd;
jpUtUis tpae;j KUfu; rpjk;guk; nrd;W rpw;ghr;rhupahiu mZfp jhk; te;j Nehf;fj;ijj; njuptpj;jhu;.
mtuplkpUe;j ,ypq;fq;fisAk; Nguhde;jj;Jld; KUfu; Nehf;fpdhu;. mg;nghOJ VohtJ ,ypq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J
ntz;Kfpy; :Nghd;W Mtp vOtijf; fz;L ,iwdJ mUl; Fwpg;ig rpuk;Nky; itj;J ve;NjeKk; fUiz
nghopAk; mt;thz ,ypq;fj;jpidg; ngWtjhf epr;rapj;J mjd; tpiyiaf; Nfl;lNghJ gjpdhW tuhfd; vd;whu;
rpw;gp. mt;tsT gzk; jk;kplk; ,y;iyNa vd;W tUe;jp mt;tplj;ij tpl;lfd;whu;. md;wpuT rpw;gpapd; fdhtpy;
,iwtd; gj;J tuhfDf;F nfhLf;Fk;gb Mizapl;lhu;. kWehs; rpw;gp KUfuplk; gj;J tuhfidg;ngw;Wf;nfhz;L
mt;ypq;fj;jpid xg;gilj;jhu;. KUfu; rpjk;guj;jpNy rpy ehs; jq;fp tpehafu; Rg;gpukzpau; rz;NlRtuu; ee;jp
gypgPlk; Kjyhd jpUTUtq;fis nrJf;Ftpj;Jf; nfhz;L jpz;zGuk; jpUk;gp Gjpa rpthyaj;jpy; mk;%u;;j;jpfis
rpwg;ghf gpujp\;il nra;tpj;jhu;. rptypq;fg;ngUkhdpdJk; mk;gpifapdJk; tdg;igAk; mUshl;rpapidAk; fz;l
FUkhUk; ngupNahu;fSk; md;W Kjy; Nfhapiy <oj;Jr; rpjk;guk; vd;Wk; Rthkpia Re;jNuRtuu; vd;Wk;
mk;gpifiar; nrse;juhk;gpif vd;Wk; jpUehkk; ,l;L miof;fyhapdu;.

'jpy;iyj; jyNk aPoj;jpw;
wpz;z Gukhj; jpfo;e;jpLf
my;y dPf;Fq; $j;jDDl
dk;ik apq;Nf naOe;jUs;f
nry;tr; Re;jNurnuDQ;
rptg;Ng ubahu; ehg;gapy;f
ty;yp nrse;j uhk;gpifahs;
fhf;f ntd;W tho;j;jpduhy;"

jpU ehkk; ,l;l tuyhw;wpid <oj;Jr;rpjk;gu Guhzk; Nkw;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

Nrhkh];fe;j %u;j;jp:

rptnewpg; ngupahu; mk;gytp KUfu; rr;rpjhde;ju; jpUTUthfpa Nrhkh];fe;j%u;j;jpia thu;g;gpf;F; nghUl;L jdJ
ike;jd; rz;Kfj;jhUld; rpjk;guk; nrd;W rpw;ghrhupia mZfp jkJ fUj;ij njuptpj;jhu;. MrhupAk; ,ire;J
thu;j;jNghJ ,UKiwahff; fU nrt;tNd gha;e;Jk; rpijTw;wjidf; fz;L ngupatu; ngupJk; kdk; tUe;jpa
Ntisapy; jpUtUs; J}z;Ljypdhy; jdJ fhjpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;L fLf;fz;fisAk; fow;rp mtw;iw Kd;dNu
nfhLf;f tplhJ jkf;fhf itj;J ,Ue;j nraiy epidj;J
',tw;wpd; nghUl;Nlh ,/J ,t;thwhapw;W"
ahTk; je;Jtpl;Nld;> ahTk; je;Jtpl;Nld; " vd;W nka;rpypu;f;f> fz;zPu; ky;f ,U fLf;fz;fisAk; rpw;gpaplk;
xg;gilj;J mtw;iwAk; Nru;j;J thu;g;Giyapy; ,l;L kPz;Lk; thu;f;Fk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhu;. rpw;gpAk; ,ire;J
thu;j;jNghJ jpUcU nrt;tNd mike;jJ. ,r;nra;jpia Mrhup %yk; mwpe;j mk;gytp KUfUila Md;kh
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tpag;Gw;W gutrnka;jpdu;.

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Nre;jdu;. kaf;fKw;w epiyapy; fple;j mtu;fis mjpuhk;gl;bd Nrhdf Fbkf;fs; fz;L Ntz;ba rpfpr;riffs;
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nfhz;L tuhky; vk;ngUkhid Kd;dNu mDg;gj;J}z;ba jpUtUis tpae;J Nghw;wpdhu;. gpd;du; ey;y
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NfhtpYf;F fpof;Nf flw;fiuia mLj;J Rkhu; 20 gug;G tp];jPuzk; cila tsT mtu;fs; ngaUf;f vOjpf;
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eNlru; jpUTU:

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thu;f;fg;gl;lJ. tpupj;j rilAk; Kayfidkpjpj;J eldk; Gupfpd;w jpUtbiaAk; gjQ;ryp tpahf;fpuj ghjiu
,UkUq;fpYk; njho itj;J kpspu;fpd;w Ik;gj;jpnahU Rlu;fisAk; nfhz;l tl;lTU jpUthrpAld; $b
mz;lfhuq;fisAk; Mlitf;Fk; jd;ik cilajhf
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kUtpa mg;Gk; mdYld; ifAq;
fUtpd; kpjpj;j fkyg; gjKk;
cUtpy; rptha ekntd NthNj "

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mik;jjhf ,jid thu;j;j rpw;gp njd;dhL NrhoGu FUrhkp nja;tj;jd;ikia tpae;J nka;rpypu;f;f $wpajhf
,q;Fs;s ngupNahu; $Wfpd;wdu;. jpUTU thu;f;fg;gl;Lk; Vnol;L tUlq;fshf Fk;ghgpN\fk; eilngwtpy;iy.
,f;fhyj;jpy; jpUTUit NfhtpypNy ney;Yf;Fs; kiwj;J itj;J ,Ue;J gpd;du; khrpyhkzp fhyj;jpNy 1908k;
Mz;L Fk;ghgpN\fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;j ehs; njhlf;fk; eluhrg;ngUkhNd khu;fop jpUntk;ghit
Nju;j;jpUtpohtpw;Fk; Mdp cj;jpuj;jpw;Fk;> gq;Fdpj; jPu;j;jj;jpyd;Wk; vOe;jUsp tUfpd;whu;. ,f;fhyj;jpypUe;J
re;jpuNrfug;ngUkhDk; ];jhgdk; nra;ag;gl;L gq;Fdp khu;fop uNjhhw;rtj;ij jtpu;e;j kw;iwa itgtq;fspw;F
gpujhd vOe;jUspahf vOe;jUsp tUfpd;whu;. gq;Fdp uNjhw;rtj;jpw;F Nrhkh];fe;jNu vOe;jUs;thu;.
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jpUTUtpid thu;g;gpj;jtu; Nga;f;fhrp tk;rj;jtuhd kPirf;fhu rz;Kfk;. ,t;tbatUk; jdJ fLf;fd;fis
cgfupj;Nj jpUTUit thu;g;gpj;jhu;. eNlru; jpUTU Ciur;Rw;wp Cu;tykhf nfhz;Lte;j gpd;du; epjp> nghUs;
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kzpafhuupd; ngUKaw;rpapdhy; 1908k; Mz;L eNlru; Fk;ghgpN\fk; rpwg;ghf eilngw;wjhfTk; ngupNahu;fs;
$Wfpd;whu;fs;. re;jpuNrfu; jpUTU ];jhgdk; gw;wpa tpguq;fs; ngwKbatpy;iy.)

mk;gytp KUfuhy; njhlq;fpa jpUg;gzp mtuJ re;jjpapduhy; njhlug;gl;lJ. ,tuJ topj;Njhd;wy; rz;Kfj;jhu;>
rpd;dj;jk;gpahu;> khrpyhkzp mtu;fshy; nra;ag;gl;l jpUg;gzpfs; Vuhsk;.

jpUg;gzpr; rig:

'Gy;ypdh nyhd;W Nfhb GJkz;zhw; gj;Jf;Nfhb
nry;Ykhq; fhyj;jd;dpw; nrq;fy;yhw; gjpdhapuq; Nfhb
my;ypDq; Foyha; Nfsha; myaklq;fld;id
fy;ypdhw; rikj;j Ngu;fs; ifiy tpl;lfyhu; khNjh "

rptNeau; gy Nru;e;J Re;jNu];tug; ngUkhDf;Fk; nrse;juhk;gpif mk;ghSf;Fk; fUq;fy;ypdhy; rpw;gk;rq;fSld;
Nfhapy; fl;bl tpUk;gp Mjpdfu;jhf;fspd; MNyhridNahL 15.04.1963k; Mz;L fhiuefu; rptd;FNfhtpy; jpUg;gzp
rigia cUthf;fpdu;. ,r;rigapduhy; fUq;fy;ypdhw; rptd; mk;ghs; fu;g;gf;fpufk;> mu;jj;j kz;lgk;>
kfhkz;lgk; Mfpad moFw mikf;fg;gl;ld. ,d;Dk; tpehafu;> Rg;gpukzpau;> rz;Nl];tuu;> ehy;tu;
Nfhtpy;fSk; Gjpjhf mikf;fg;gl;ld. eNLru; NfhtpYk; jpUj;j Ntiyfs; nra;ag;gl;L GJg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
jpUg;gzpr; rigapdupd; mauhj ciog;gpdhy; 10.07.1970,y; [Pu;Nzhj;jhuz m\;lge;jd Ie;jhtJ kfh
Fk;ghfpN\fk; eilngw;wJ. rpt= kq;fNs];tuf; FUf;fs; gpujk MrhupahuhfTk; rpt= rhkp tp];tehjf;
FUf;fs; ru;tNghjfuhfTk; ,Ue;J epiwNtw;wpdhu;fs;. ,f;fhyj;jpy;jhd; gpuNjhr tpehafu; %u;j;jpAk; gpujp];il
nra;ag;gl;L Gjpa fz;lhkzpAk; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;lJ.

,g;gFjp ,d;dKk; epiwT
nra;ag;gltpy;iy....

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